Installing,
Configuring, and Administering Microsoft Windowsâ 2000 Professional - Cram notes
(70-210)
21. By
default a printer is set to “Always Available”. However, you can choose
“Available from” button and set the timings for the availability of the
printer. To go to this option, Right click on the desired printer, select
Properties, and then click on Advanced tab. You can also set the
separator page in the Advanced tab.
22.
To configure a standby
print device, use Properties -> Ports
Here you have two options:
1. To
send documents to another printer on the same print server, click the
port to which the other printer is assigned and then click OK
2. To
send documents to a printer on a different print server, Click “Add Port
-> Local Port
-> New Port”.
Type the name of the other print server and the share name of the shared
printer in the form \\second_print_server\share_name
23. The various file
systems supported by Windows 2000 are:
- FAT:
Also called FAT16, supported by all Microsoft Operating Systems.
- FAT32:
Also supported by Win 95 OSR2 and Win98
- NTFS:
This is not supported by Win95/98
- CDFS:
(Compact Disk File System, used to access CDs)
- UDF:
(Universal Disk Format, used to access DVDs)
24. Windows 2000
Operating systems support 5 different volume types:
1. Simple volumes - A simple volume consists of
a formatted disk on a single hard disk.
2. Spanned volumes -
A Spanned volume consists of disk space on more than one hard disk.
3. Striped volumes - A Striped volume
has disk space on 2 or more disks. The disk spaces must be same on all
disks. Fastest disk access among all volume types. RAID level 0.
4. Mirrored volumes -
A mirrored volume consists of a Simple volume that is mirrored in total,
onto a second dynamic disk. Provides highest level of fault tolerance.
Mirroring is RAID level 1
5. RAID-5 volumes -
A RAID-5 volume consists of identical sized disk space located on three
or more dynamic disks. Here any single disk failures can be recovered.
Windows 2000 Professional doesn’t support Mirrored and RAID-5
volumes, where as other Windows 2000 Server Operating Systems (2000
Server, Advanced Server) support.
25. If you are creating
a striped volume on a new Windows 2000 machine, it can only be created on
dynamic disks. However, if you are upgrading a Windows NT computer to
Windows 2000, any existing stripe set will be supported.
26. Fault tolerance boot disk
is a floppy disk that enables you to boot a computer in the event that
the first disk in a mirrored volume fails. Even if you mirror the
installation folder in a Windows 2000 OS, you will not be able to boot
because boot.ini points to the first volume. Therefore, you need to
create a fault tolerance boot disk that contains an edited Boot.ini file
that points to the mirrored volume.
27. You can use convert.exe command to
change a FAT file system to an NTFS file system on a disk volume.
28. Roaming user profile
retains its own customized desktop and work environment settings,
irrespective of which Windows 2000 computer that a given user logs on.
29. The default Minimum password length
is set to 0 characters. The password can be anywhere between 0 and 14
characters. Password length of 0 characters mean
that there is no password or a blank password.
30. Disk quotas can only be
used on NTFS volumes. This is because only NTFS volumes maintain
ownership information on files and folders. Windows Explorer can be used
to configure and monitor disk quotas.
31. The default
permission for "Everyone" group on a Shared folder is
"Full Control". Share permissions are applied only to folders
created on FAT (FAT32) partitions.
32. When both Share and
NTFS permissions are applied, the most restrictive permissions will
apply.
33. If you choose
“Print Directly to the Printer” option in the Advanced tab of the Printer
Properties, the spooler is bypassed. The document goes directly to the
printer. This option can be used to check whether the spooler is corrupt.
34. Disk Management is used to
create, manage, and delete simple volumes, spanned volumes, mirrored
volumes, striped, and stripe set with parity volumes. Disk Administrator
is NT 4 tool and is not available in Windows 2000.
35. By renaming ntuser.dat
to ntuser.man, you can assign a
mandatory profile to any specific user. To have a uniform looking desktop
environment, an administrator can assign mandatory roaming user profile
to multiple user accounts.
36. You can rename the Guest and Admin
accounts, so that it will be difficult to guess the user name.
37. Print Services for Unix must be
installed before adding a Unix printer to a Windows 2000 computer.
Further, when you add a Unix printer, it must be assigned LPR port. The
Unix server that connects to the print device runs LPD. When you are
installing the LPR port, you will be prompted to provide the name or IP
address of the Unix computer to which print device is attached.
38. When you install Peer Web Services
(PWS) on a Windows 2000 Professional computer, FTP, HTTP, and SMTP
services get installed.
39. Diskperf
command controls the types of counters that can be viewed using System
Monitor.
-
The syntax for setting the system to start both physical and
logical disk performance counters when the system is restarted is
-
diskperf -y \\computername
-
-(none) : Reports
whether disk performance counters are enabled on the local or specified
computer and identifies the counters enabled: for physical drives,
logical drives, or both.
-
-y : Sets the system to start both
physical and logical disk performance counters when the system is
restarted.
-
computername : Specifies the computer on
which you want to see or set disk performance counter use. If a computer
name is not specified, the local computer is assumed.
40. You can use System Monitor as well as
Task Manager to monitor Processor and Memory usage on your computer.
41. Windows Update is a
catalog of items such as drivers, patches, the latest help files, and
Internet products that you can download to keep your computer up to date.
You must be logged on as an administrator or a member of the
Administrators group in order to access the Product Updates section of
Windows Update for downloading help files.
42. You create an ERD by choosing Choose
Start -> Programs -> Accessories -> System Tools ->
Backup. Click on the Emergency
Repair button. Provide a blank 31/2 inch Floppy Disk when prompted. Note
that in NT, you can create ERD by typing RDISK command. This command is
not available in Windows 2000.
43. WINS and LMHOSTS file
resolve NetBIOS names to IP addresses, whereas DNS and HOSTS file resolve
FQDN to IP addresses.
44. Placing the paging file on different
physical disks is optimal. This will improve faster access to the Paging
file, and also distribute the load.
45. Some of the
important System Monitor
counters are:
- Memory
: Available Mbytes: measures the amount of
physical memory that is available. Typically > 4MB. If less than
4 MB, consider adding more memory.
- Memory
: Pages/Sec: Shows the number of times
that the disk has been accessed, because requested information was
not available in memory. If the value of the counter is not below
20, you should add more memory. A value of 4 or 5 is typical.
- Paging File :
%Usage: Indicates the % of allocated page file utilization. Should
be less than 99%.
- Processor
: %Processor Time: measure the time that
the processor is busy. Should be typically less than 80%
- Processor
: Interrupts/Sec: Indicates the average
number of hardware interrupts that the processor receives each
second. If more than 3,500, you can suspect a program or faulty
hardware.
- PhysicalDisk : %Disk Time: Measures
the amount of time that the physical disk is busy servicing read or
write requests. If more than 90%, you can improve the performance by
adding another disk channel.
- PhysicalDisk : %Current Disk Queue
Length: indicates the number of pending disk requests that need to
be processed. The value should be less than 2. The disk problems
might arise from less memory, resulting in usage of excessive
paging. Ensure that the memory is sufficient before attending to the
disk problem.
- LogicalDisk : %Free Space counter:
Indicates the amount of logical disk’s free disk space. Typical
value is 10% or above.
46. By default, you
can start recovery console
using,
- The
Windows 2000 Professional Setup Disks
- From
the CD ROM drive using Windows 2000 Professional CD (if the CD –ROM
drive is bootable).
Also, you can have “Recovery Console” as a start up option by typing \i386\winnt32.exe
/cmdcons at the command prompt, after switching
to the CD ROM drive letter.
47. Recovery Console
allows you to:
-
Start and stop services, format drives, read and write data on a
local drive (including drives formatted to use NTFS). The Recovery
Console is very useful if you need to repair your system by copying a
file from a floppy disk or CD-ROM to your hard drive, or if you need to
reconfigure a service that is preventing your computer from starting
properly. You must be an administrator to use the Recovery Console.
48. TCP/IP protocol stack is
installed by default when you install Windows 2000 on a computer.
49. The Advantages of VPN are:
- VPN
allows corporations to reduce costs for long distance call using RAS
and over long distance phone lines
- Because
the ISP supports complex communications hardware configurations, a
network administrator at the Corporation’s office is free to
centrally manage user accounts at the remote access server.
- Because
the most common network protocols (including TCP/IP, IPX , and NetBEUI) are supported, you can
remotely run any application dependent upon these particular network
protocols.
- IP
Address Security: Because the VPN is encrypted, the addresses you
specify are protected, and the Internet only sees the external IP
address.
- Enhanced Security: The connection over the
Internet is encrypted and secure.
50. IIS:
-
To install Internet Information
Services:
i.
Click Start, point to Settings, click
Control Panel and start the Add/Remove Programs application.
ii. Select Add/Remove Windows Components and then follow the
on-screen instructions to install, remove,
or add components to IIS.
51. Task scheduler
can be used to automate the scheduled tasks.
52. The Windows 2000 Performance tool is composed of two
parts:
- System
Monitor, and
- Performance
Logs and Alerts.
With System Monitor, you can collect and view
real-time data about memory, disk, processor, network, and other activity
in chart (graph), histogram, or report form.
By using Performance Logs and Alerts you can
configure logs to record performance data and also to set system alerts
so that you are notified when a specified counter's value is above or
below a defined threshold.
53. Recovery console:
- To
use the Recovery Console from Windows 2000 Professional Setup Disks,
- Insert
the Windows 2000 Professional Setup Disk 1 (3.5-inch) into your
disk drive or, if you have a bootable CD-ROM drive, insert the
Windows 2000 Professional CD into your CD-ROM drive.
- Restart
your computer.
- Follow
the instructions on the screen. Choose the option to repair your
Windows 2000 installation, and then the option to start the
Recovery Console.
Note: You must be logged on as an administrator or a
member of the Administrators group in order to use recovery console.
- Recovery
console can also be configured as a start up option. To configure
the Recovery Console as a startup option:
- With
Windows running, insert the Windows 2000 Professional CD into your
CD-ROM drive.
- Click
No if prompted to upgrade to Windows 2000.
- At
the command prompt, change to your CD-ROM drive, and then type the
following:
\i386\winnt32.exe /cmdcons
- Once the Recovery Console is installed as a start up
option, it will be displayed as
a startup option during start-up.
- You
must be logged on as an administrator or a member of the
Administrators group in order to complete this procedure.
54. You can use both Ping
Localhost and Ping 127.0.0.1 to see whether the
TCP/IP stack is installed properly. Ipconfig is used to
obtain the TCP/IP configuration information, such as the IP address,
subnet mask, default gateway etc. on the local computer.
55. Any computer that uses SMB protocol can support offline
files and folders. All Microsoft Operating systems support this feature.
56. The various options available with Ipconfig
for managing DHCP are:
1.
Ipconfig /all :
Produces complete details. Without this switch, 'ipconfig' displays only the IP address, subnet mask,
and default gateway values for each network card.
2. Ipconfig /renew [adapter] : Renews DHCP configuration parameters. This option is
available only on systems running the DHCP Client service.
3.
Ipconfig /release [adapter] : Releases the current DHCP configuration. This option
disables TCP/IP on the local system and is available only on DHCP
clients.
4.
To specify an adapter name, type the adapter
name that appears when you use 'ipconfig'
without parameters.
57. To map a network
drive letter to a share, we use the command NET USE. The correct
command syntax is “net use Z:\\Server01\Myfiles”.
58. Computer
Management -> Shared Folders can be used to view some very
useful information like,
-
Shares information: Here you can see all
of the shares that have been configured on the computer.
-
Session Information: Allows you to see
username, computer name etc that has connected to a share currently
-
Open Files: Allow you to see currently
opened files
59. You can
use the View tab in Folder Options applet in the Control Panel to show /
hide files and folders that have “Hidden” attribute set. You can also use
Windows Explorer -> Tools -> Folder Options -> View tab.
60. To find the effective NTFS permissions, you add up all the
permissions given to different groups that a user is member of, and
remove all entries with “Deny” permissions (if any). In other words, if
any user or group is denied access to a file or folder, it overrides any
“Allow” permissions.
61. In Windows 2000 Professional, the default permissions for
a subfolders or files are inherited from the parent folder. Compare this
with Windows NT 4 where, any subfolder newly created will not inherit any
permission from the parent folder. Only files created will inherit
permissions from the folder.
62. Compression and
encryption:
If you encrypt a folder on an NTFS volume, all files
and subfolder created the encrypted folder are automatically encrypted.
Therefore, it is recommended that you use encryption at the parent folder
level.
Also note that you can’t encrypt a file or folder
that is compressed. If you want to encrypt a file or folder that is
compressed, you need to first decompress the file or folder and then
encrypt. Only NTFS volumes support file or folder encryption.
63. Windows 2000 provides two
versions of Registry Editor
1.
Regedt32.exe (32-bit) : Regedt32.exe is
automatically installed in the systemroot\system32 folder, while
Regedit.exe is automatically installed in the systemroot
folder.
2.
Regedit.exe (16-bit) : Regedit.exe is primarily
used for its search capabilities, as it doesn’t support all functions and
data types.
64. Disk Quotas:
1.
To support disk quotas, a disk volume
must be formatted with the version of NTFS used in Windows 2000. Volumes
formatted with the version of NTFS used in Windows NT 4.0 are upgraded
automatically by Windows 2000 Setup.
2.
To administer quotas on a volume, you
must be a member of the Administrators group on the computer where the
drive resides.
3.
File compression does not affect quota
statistics. In other words, if a user is allowed 10MB of disk space, he
or she can store a total of 10MB of files / folder irrespective of
whether the files / folders are compressed or not.
4.
If a user ‘A’ takes ownership of a file
copied to an NTFS volume by another user ‘B’, the user A's action causes
the disk space occupied by the file to be charged against the user A's
quota limit.
65. RIS server is used to
deploy Windows 2000 Professional over the network. RIS requires Windows
2000 networks that use DHCP, DNS, and Active Directory. A Remote
Installation Services (RIS) Server can support any of the following two
types of images:
1.
A CD-based image that contains the
Windows 2000 Professional operating system any other files required.
2. An RIPrep
(Remote Installation Preparation) image that is a full copy of the
Windows 2000 operating system and applications.
66. A RIS client computer must support one of the following
configurations:
1.
PXE compliant boot ROM
2.
RIS boot disk with supporting Network
adaptor card.
67. rbfg.exe, RISETUP, sysprep, deploy.cab, and .sif:
1.
rbfg.exe: To create RIS boot disk, on a Windows 2000 Professional
computer, run the command \\ris_server\reminst\admin\i386\rbfg.exe to
create RIS boot disk.
2.
RISETUP: RISETUP command is used to
configure the RIS server with a CD based image after the installation of
RIS.
3.
Sysprep: You can install Windows 2000 Professional by using the
System Preparation Tool. Sysprep is used to
prepare the disk image for the disk duplication.
4.
Deploy: The System Preparation Tool is
included on the Windows 2000 Professional CD in the file: \Support\Tools\Deploy.cab.
5.
Answer files for RIS installations end
with a .sif extension.
68. The services that
are required to be running on the RIS server or accessible to the RIS
server as below:
1.
A DHCP server, used to assign IP
addresses,
2.
A Domain Name Server (DNS), and
3.
The Active Directory.
69. On a Windows 2000 Professional computer, you can configure
the number of users accessing a Share between 1 and 10 (10 max limit).
70. Sysprep.inf
is required to fully or partially automate the installation process on
the target computer. To run sysprep, you need
to have the following files in the folder C:\sysprep folder of the master
computer:
1.
Sysprep.inf
2.
Setupc1.exe
3.
Sysprep.exe
71. The default spool folder is located at:
Systemroot\System32\spool\printers. For example, if the OS is residing on
C drive, the default location will be:
“C:\\WINNT\System32\spool\printers”.
You can access this location through:
Start -> Printers -> File -> Server
Properties -> Advanced tab. Type in the new spool location over the
default location.
72. To insert a new file extension, you use Windows explorer,
and select the application. Then, Tools -> Folder Option -> File Types.
Configure the extension appropriately.
73. To connect a USB device, ensure that
1.
The computer supports USB.
2.
The USB should be enabled in the BIOS.
74. Sysprep
can be run on:
1.
Windows 2000 Professional
2.
Windows 2000 Server
Sysprep can’t run
on Windows 2000 Server Domain Controllers.
75. An encrypted file
copied to another NTFS Share remains encrypted.
76. Power Users
on a Windows 2000 Professional computer can:
1.
Run legacy applications in addition to
Windows 2000 certified applications.
2.
Install programs that do not modify
operating system files or install system services.
3.
Customize system-wide resources
including Printers, Date/Time, and other Control Panel resources.
4.
Create and manage local user accounts
and groups.
5.
Stop and start system services, which
are not started by default.
Power Users do not have access to the data of other
users on an NTFS volume.
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